5 results
Active Surveillance for Influenza Reduces but Does Not Eliminate Hospital Exposure to Patients With Influenza
- Brenda L. Coleman, Wil Ng, Vinaya Mahesh, Maja McGuire, Kazi Hassan, Karen Green, Shelly McNeil, Allison J. McGeer, Kevin Katz
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 4 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2017, pp. 387-392
- Print publication:
- April 2017
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OBJECTIVE
To describe the frequency, characteristics, and exposure associated with influenza in hospitalized patients in a Toronto hospital
DESIGN/METHODProspective data collected for consenting patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza and a retrospective review of infection control charts for roommates of cases over 3 influenza seasons
RESULTSOf the 661 patients with influenza (age range: 1 week–103 years), 557 were placed on additional precautions upon admission. Of 104 with symptoms detected after admission, 57 cases were community onset and 47 were nosocomial (10 nosocomial were part of outbreaks). A total of 78 cases were detected after admission exposing 143 roommates. Among roommates tested for influenza after exposure, no roommates of community-onset cases and 2 of 16 roommates of nosocomial cases were diagnosed with influenza. Of 637 influenza-infected patients, 25% and 57% met influenza-like illness definitions from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, and 70.3% met the Provincial Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee (PIDAC) febrile respiratory illness definition. Among the 56 patients with community-onset influenza detected after admission, only 13%, 23%, and 34%, met PHAC, CDC, and PIDAC classifications, respectively.
CONCLUSIONSIn a setting with extensive screening and testing for influenza, 1 in 6 patients with influenza was not diagnosed until patients and healthcare workers had been exposed for >24 hours. Only 30% of patients with community-onset influenza detected after admission met the Ontario definition intended to identify cases, hampering efforts to prevent patient and healthcare worker exposures and reinforcing the need for prevention through vaccination.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:387–392
Invasiveness Index as a Predictor of Surgical Site Infection after Spinal Fusion, Revision Fusion, or Laminectomy
- Brian L. Hollenbeck, Kevin J. McGuire, Andrew P. White, David S. Yassa, Sharon B. Wright
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / January 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 November 2016, pp. 11-17
- Print publication:
- January 2017
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OBJECTIVE
To evaluate invasiveness index as a potential predictor of spine surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal fusion, revision fusion, or laminectomy.
DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.
SETTINGSingle, large, academic medical center.
PATIENTSAdults undergoing spinal fusion, revision fusion, or laminectomy.
METHODSData were obtained from electronic hospital databases; cases of SSI were extracted from the infection control database using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions. For each case, an invasiveness index, determined by surgical approach, procedure, and number of spine levels treated, was calculated using current procedural terminology (CPT) billing codes. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
RESULTSIn total, 3,143 patients met inclusion criteria, and 43 of these developed SSI. Multivariate regression showed that advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005–1.05, for each year of life) and invasiveness index (medium invasiveness index OR, 5.36; 95% CI, 1.92–14.96; high invasiveness index OR, 14.1; 95% CI, 4.38–45.43) were significant predictors of infection. In subgroup analyses of spinal fusion patients, morbid obesity (OR, 2.542; 95% CI, 1.08–5.99), trauma (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.05–5.55), and invasiveness index (medium invasiveness index OR, 5.39; 95% CI, 1.56–18.61; high invasiveness index OR, 13.44; 95% CI, 3.28–55.01) were significant predictors of SSI. Models containing invasiveness index were compared to NHSN models and demonstrated similar performance.
CONCLUSIONSInvasiveness index is a predictor of SSI after spinal fusion and performs similarly to NHSN models. Invasiveness index shows promise as a potential risk stratification tool that is easily calculated and is available preoperatively.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–7
Contributors
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- By Ghazi Al-Rawas, Vazken Andréassian, Tianqi Ao, Stacey A. Archfield, Berit Arheimer, András Bárdossy, Trent Biggs, Günter Blöschl, Theresa Blume, Marco Borga, Helge Bormann, Gianluca Botter, Tom Brown, Donald H. Burn, Sean K. Carey, Attilio Castellarin, Francis Chiew, François Colin, Paulin Coulibaly, Armand Crabit, Barry Croke, Siegfried Demuth, Qingyun Duan, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Thomas Dunne, Ying Fan, Xing Fang, Boris Gartsman, Alexander Gelfan, Mikhail Georgievski, Nick van de Giesen, David C. Goodrich, Hoshin V. Gupta, Khaled Haddad, David M. Hannah, H. A. P. Hapuarachchi, Hege Hisdal, Kamila Hlavčová, Markus Hrachowitz, Denis A. Hughes, Günter Humer, Ruud Hurkmans, Vito Iacobellis, Elena Ilyichyova, Hiroshi Ishidaira, Graham Jewitt, Shaofeng Jia, Jeffrey R. Kennedy, Anthony S. Kiem, Robert Kirnbauer, Thomas R. Kjeldsen, Jürgen Komma, Leonid M. Korytny, Charles N. Kroll, George Kuczera, Gregor Laaha, Henny A. J. van Lanen, Hjalmar Laudon, Jens Liebe, Shijun Lin, Göran Lindström, Suxia Liu, Jun Magome, Danny G. Marks, Dominic Mazvimavi, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Brian L. McGlynn, Kevin J. McGuire, Neil McIntyre, Thomas A. McMahon, Ralf Merz, Robert A. Metcalfe, Alberto Montanari, David Morris, Roger Moussa, Lakshman Nandagiri, Thomas Nester, Taha B. M. J. Ouarda, Ludovic Oudin, Juraj Parajka, Charles S. Pearson, Murray C. Peel, Charles Perrin, John W. Pomeroy, David A. Post, Ataur Rahman, Liliang Ren, Magdalena Rogger, Dan Rosbjerg, José Luis Salinas, Jos Samuel, Eric Sauquet, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Takahiro Sayama, John C. Schaake, Kevin Shook, Murugesu Sivapalan, Jon Olav Skøien, Chris Soulsby, Christopher Spence, R. ‘Sri’ Srikanthan, Tammo S. Steenhuis, Jan Szolgay, Yasuto Tachikawa, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, Lena M. Tallaksen, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Sally E. Thompson, Elena Toth, Peter A. Troch, Remko Uijlenhoet, Carl L. Unkrich, Alberto Viglione, Neil R. Viney, Richard M. Vogel, Thorsten Wagener, M. Todd Walter, Guoqiang Wang, Markus Weiler, Rolf Weingartner, Erwin Weinmann, Hessel Winsemius, Ross A. Woods, Dawen Yang, Chihiro Yoshimura, Andy Young, Gordon Young, Erwin Zehe, Yongqiang Zhang, Maichun C. Zhou
- Edited by Günter Blöschl, Technische Universität Wien, Austria, Murugesu Sivapalan, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Thorsten Wagener, University of Bristol, Alberto Viglione, Technische Universität Wien, Austria, Hubert Savenije, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 18 April 2013, pp ix-xiv
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Contributors
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- By Joanne R. Adler, David A. Alexander, Laurence Alison, Catherine C. Ayoub, Peter Banister, Anthony R. Beech, Amanda Biggs, Julian Boon, Adrian Bowers, Neil Brewer, Eric Broekaert, Paula Brough, Jennifer M. Brown, Kevin Browne, Elizabeth A. Campbell, David Canter, Michael Carlin, Shihning Chou, Martin A. Conway, Claire Cooke, David Cooke, Ilse Derluyn, Robert J. Edelmann, Vincent Egan, Tom Ellis, Marie Eyre, David P. Farrington, Seena Fazel, Daniel B. Fishman, Victoria Follette, Katarina Fritzon, Elizabeth Gilchrist, Nathan D. Gillard, Renée Gobeil, Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Lynsey Gozna, Don Grubin, Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Helinä Häkkänen-Nyholm, Guy Hall, Nathan Hall, Roisin Hall, Sean Hammond, Leigh Harkins, Grant T. Harris, Camilla Herbert, Robert D. Hoge, Todd E. Hogue, Clive R. Hollin, Lorraine Hope, Miranda A. H. Horvath, Kevin Howells, Carol A. Ireland, Jane L. Ireland, Mark Kebbell, Michael King, Bruce D. Kirkcaldy, Heidi La Bash, Cara Laney, William R. Lindsay, Elizabeth F. Loftus, L. E. Marshall, W. L. Marshall, James McGuire, Neil McKeganey, T. M. McMillan, Mary McMurran, Joav Merrick, Becky Milne, Joanne M. Nadkarni, Claire Nee, M. D. O’Brien, William O’Donohue, Darragh O’Neill, Jane Palmer, Adria Pearson, Derek Perkins, Devon L. L. Polaschek, Louise E. Porter, Charlotte C. Powell, Graham E. Powell, Martine Powell, Christine Puckering, Ethel Quayle, Vernon L. Quinsey, Marnie E. Rice, Randall Richardson-Vejlgaard, Richard Rogers, Louis B Schlesinger, Carolyn Semmler, G. A. Serran, Ralph C. Serin, John L. Taylor, Max Taylor, Brian Thomas-Peter, Paul A. Tiffin, Graham Towl, Rosie Travers, Arlene Vetere, Graham Wagstaff, Helen Wakeling, Fiona Warren, Brandon C. Welsh, David Wexler, Margaret Wilson, Dan Yarmey, Susan Young
- Edited by Jennifer M. Brown, London School of Economics and Political Science, Elizabeth A. Campbell, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 29 April 2010, pp xix-xxiii
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Growth and Properties of Lattice Matched GaAsSbN Epilayer on GaAs for Solar Cell Applications
- Sudhakar Bharatan, Shanthi Iyer, Kevin Matney, Ward J. Collis, Kalyan Nunna, Jia Li, Liangjin Wu, Kristopher McGuire, Laurie E. McNeil
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 891 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 0891-EE10-36
- Print publication:
- 2005
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In this work, the growth and characterization of GaAsSbN epilayers nearly lattice matched to GaAs, grown in an elemental solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system with a RF plasma nitrogen source, are discussed. The Sb and N compositions of the nearly lattice matched layers are 2.6% and 6.8%, respectively, as determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis. The layers are found to be fully strained as evidenced by the presence of Pendellosung fringes on the x-ray diffraction spectra.
Effects of in-situ and ex-situ annealing on the low temperature photoluminescence (PL) characteristics are discussed. The 10 K PL peak energy of 1 eV with a FWHM of 18 meV has been achieved on ex-situ annealed samples in N ambient. The temperature dependence of PL peak energy exhibits “S-shaped” behavior in the low temperature regime, indicative of the presence of localized excitons. Raman spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to determine the local structural changes on annealing.